包不是可执行代码的片段,而是一个存储代码的地方。当使用包的时候,实际上是执行或引用包中的一个成员。

创建包定义

包定义包含在包中所有成员的定义,可以从包的外部引用这些成员。这些成员被称为包的公有成员,作为包的接口存在。下面的代码示例是一个包的定义:

上述这个代码示例创建了emp_admin包定义。这个包定义包含两个函数和两个存储过程。为了方便起见,您也可以将OR REPLACE子句添加到CREATE PACKAGE语句中。

创建包主体

包主体包含包定义中成员的具体实现。对于上面的包定义emp_admin来说,将创建一个包主体,来对包定义进行具体实现。包主体中将包括对包定义中函数和存储过程的具体程序逻辑的实现。
--
--  Package body for the 'emp_admin' package.
--
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY emp_admin
IS
   --
   --  Function that queries the 'dept' table based on the department
   --  number and returns the corresponding department name.
   --
   FUNCTION get_dept_name (
      p_deptno        IN NUMBER DEFAULT 10
   ) 
   RETURN VARCHAR2
   IS
      v_dname         VARCHAR2(14);
   BEGIN
      SELECT dname INTO v_dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = p_deptno;
      RETURN v_dname;
   EXCEPTION
      WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid department number ' || p_deptno);
         RETURN '';
   END;
   --
   --  Function that updates an employee's salary based on the
   --  employee number and salary increment/decrement passed
   --  as IN parameters.  Upon successful completion the function
   --  returns the new updated salary.
   --
   FUNCTION update_emp_sal (
      p_empno         IN NUMBER,
      p_raise         IN NUMBER
   ) 
   RETURN NUMBER
   IS
      v_sal           NUMBER := 0;
   BEGIN
      SELECT sal INTO v_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
      v_sal := v_sal + p_raise;
      UPDATE emp SET sal = v_sal WHERE empno = p_empno;
      RETURN v_sal;
   EXCEPTION
      WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || p_empno || ' not found');
         RETURN -1;
      WHEN OTHERS THEN
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLERRM:');
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The following is SQLCODE:');
         DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE);
         RETURN -1;
   END;
   --
   --  Procedure that inserts a new employee record into the 'emp' table.
   --
   PROCEDURE hire_emp (
      p_empno         NUMBER,
      p_ename         VARCHAR2,
      p_job           VARCHAR2,
      p_sal           NUMBER,
      p_hiredate      DATE    DEFAULT sysdate,
      p_comm          NUMBER  DEFAULT 0,
      p_mgr           NUMBER,
      p_deptno        NUMBER  DEFAULT 10
   )
   AS
   BEGIN
      INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename, job, sal, hiredate, comm, mgr, deptno)
         VALUES(p_empno, p_ename, p_job, p_sal,
                p_hiredate, p_comm, p_mgr, p_deptno);
   END;
   --
   --  Procedure that deletes an employee record from the 'emp' table based
   --  on the employee number.
   --
   PROCEDURE fire_emp (
      p_empno         NUMBER
   )
   AS
   BEGIN
      DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
   END; 
END;