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断点续传下载

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断点续传下载是指客户端在从网络上下载资源时,由于某种原因中断下载。再次开启下载时可以从已下载完成的部分开始继续下载未完成的部分,从而节省时间和流量。

流程说明

在手机端使用App下载视频时,下载期间如果从Wifi模式切换到移动网络,App默认会中断下载。开启断点续传下载后,当您从移动网络再次切换到Wifi模式时,即可从上一次中断的位置继续下载。

执行断点续传下载操作时,效果图如下所示。

断点续传下载流程如下所示。

image

功能说明

  • HTTP1.1中新增了Range头的支持,用于指定获取数据的范围。Range的格式分为以下几种。

    数据范围

    说明

    Range: bytes=100-

    从101字节之后开始传输,直到传输到最后一个字节。

    Range: bytes=100-200

    从101字节开始传输,到201字节结束。通常用于较大的文件分片传输,例如视频传输。

    Range: bytes=-100

    传输倒数100字节的内容,不是从0开始的100字节。

    Range: bytes=0-100, 200-300

    同时指定多个范围的内容。

  • 断点续传下载时需要使用If-Match头来验证服务器上的文件是否发生变化,If-Match对应的是ETag的值。

  • 客户端发起请求时在Header中携带RangeIf-Match,OSS Server收到请求后会验证If-Match中的ETag值。如果不匹配,则返回412 precondition状态码。

  • OSS Server针对GetObject目前已支持RangeIf-MatchIf-None-MatchIf-Modified-SinceIf-Unmodified-Since,因此您可以在移动端实践OSS资源的断点续传下载功能。

示例代码

重要

以下代码仅供参考了解下载流程,不建议在生产项目中使用。如需下载,可自行实现或使用第三方开源的下载框架。

iOS断点续传下载示例代码如下:

#import "DownloadService.h"
#import "OSSTestMacros.h"

@implementation DownloadRequest

@end

@implementation Checkpoint

- (instancetype)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
    Checkpoint *other = [[[self class] allocWithZone:zone] init];

    other.etag = self.etag;
    other.totalExpectedLength = self.totalExpectedLength;

    return other;
}

@end


@interface DownloadService()<NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLSession *session;         // 网络会话。
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask;   // 数据请求任务。
@property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadFailureBlock failure;    // 请求出错。
@property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadSuccessBlock success;    // 请求成功。
@property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadProgressBlock progress;  // 下载进度。
@property (nonatomic, copy) Checkpoint *checkpoint;        // 检查节点。
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *requestURLString;    // 文件资源地址,用于下载请求。
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *headURLString;       // 文件资源地址,用于head请求。
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *targetPath;     // 文件存储路径。
@property (nonatomic, assign) unsigned long long totalReceivedContentLength; // 已下载文件大小。
@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore;

@end

@implementation DownloadService

- (instancetype)init
{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        NSURLSessionConfiguration *conf = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
        conf.timeoutIntervalForRequest = 15;

        NSOperationQueue *processQueue = [NSOperationQueue new];
        _session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:conf delegate:self delegateQueue:processQueue];
        _semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
        _checkpoint = [[Checkpoint alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}
// DownloadRequest是下载逻辑的核心。
+ (instancetype)downloadServiceWithRequest:(DownloadRequest *)request {
    DownloadService *service = [[DownloadService alloc] init];
    if (service) {
        service.failure = request.failure;
        service.success = request.success;
        service.requestURLString = request.sourceURLString;
        service.headURLString = request.headURLString;
        service.targetPath = request.downloadFilePath;
        service.progress = request.downloadProgress;
        if (request.checkpoint) {
            service.checkpoint = request.checkpoint;
        }
    }
    return service;
}

/**
 * 通过Head方法获取文件信息。OSS将文件的ETag和本地checkpoint中保存的ETag进行对比,并返回对比结果。
 */
- (BOOL)getFileInfo {
    __block BOOL resumable = NO;
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:self.headURLString];
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:url];
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"HEAD"];
    // 处理Object相关信息,例如ETag用于断点续传时进行预检查,content-length用于计算下载进度。
    NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [[NSURLSession sharedSession] dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        if (error) {
            NSLog(@"获取文件meta信息失败,error : %@", error);
        } else {
            NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)response;
            NSString *etag = [httpResponse.allHeaderFields objectForKey:@"Etag"];
            if ([self.checkpoint.etag isEqualToString:etag]) {
                resumable = YES;
            } else {
                resumable = NO;
            }
        }
        dispatch_semaphore_signal(self.semaphore);
    }];
    [task resume];

    dispatch_semaphore_wait(self.semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    return resumable;
}

/**
 * 获取本地文件的大小。
 */
- (unsigned long long)fileSizeAtPath:(NSString *)filePath {
    unsigned long long fileSize = 0;
    NSFileManager *dfm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    if ([dfm fileExistsAtPath:filePath]) {
        NSError *error = nil;
        NSDictionary *attributes = [dfm attributesOfItemAtPath:filePath error:&error];
        if (!error && attributes) {
            fileSize = attributes.fileSize;
        } else if (error) {
            NSLog(@"error: %@", error);
        }
    }

    return fileSize;
}

- (void)resume {
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:self.requestURLString];
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:url];
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];

    BOOL resumable = [self getFileInfo];    // 如果resumable返回NO,表明不满足断点续传的条件。
    if (resumable) {
        self.totalReceivedContentLength = [self fileSizeAtPath:self.targetPath];
        NSString *requestRange = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"bytes=%llu-", self.totalReceivedContentLength];
        [request setValue:requestRange forHTTPHeaderField:@"Range"];
    } else {
        self.totalReceivedContentLength = 0;
    }

    if (self.totalReceivedContentLength == 0) {
        [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:self.targetPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
    }

    self.dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
    [self.dataTask resume];
}

- (void)pause {
    [self.dataTask cancel];
    self.dataTask = nil;
}

- (void)cancel {
    [self.dataTask cancel];
    self.dataTask = nil;
    [self removeFileAtPath: self.targetPath];
}

- (void)removeFileAtPath:(NSString *)filePath {
    NSError *error = nil;
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:self.targetPath error:&error];
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"remove file with error : %@", error);
    }
}

#pragma mark - NSURLSessionDataDelegate

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
// 判断下载任务是否完成,然后将结果返回给上层业务。
didCompleteWithError:(nullable NSError *)error {
    NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)task.response;
    if ([httpResponse isKindOfClass:[NSHTTPURLResponse class]]) {
        if (httpResponse.statusCode == 200) {
            self.checkpoint.etag = [[httpResponse allHeaderFields] objectForKey:@"Etag"];
            self.checkpoint.totalExpectedLength = httpResponse.expectedContentLength;
        } else if (httpResponse.statusCode == 206) {
            self.checkpoint.etag = [[httpResponse allHeaderFields] objectForKey:@"Etag"];
            self.checkpoint.totalExpectedLength = self.totalReceivedContentLength + httpResponse.expectedContentLength;
        }
    }

    if (error) {
        if (self.failure) {
            NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:error.userInfo];
            [userInfo oss_setObject:self.checkpoint forKey:@"checkpoint"];

            NSError *tError = [NSError errorWithDomain:error.domain code:error.code userInfo:userInfo];
            self.failure(tError);
        }
    } else if (self.success) {
        self.success(@{@"status": @"success"});
    }
}

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler
{
    NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse = (NSHTTPURLResponse *)dataTask.response;
    if ([httpResponse isKindOfClass:[NSHTTPURLResponse class]]) {
        if (httpResponse.statusCode == 200) {
            self.checkpoint.totalExpectedLength = httpResponse.expectedContentLength;
        } else if (httpResponse.statusCode == 206) {
            self.checkpoint.totalExpectedLength = self.totalReceivedContentLength +  httpResponse.expectedContentLength;
        }
    }

    completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}
// 将接收到的网络数据以追加上传的方式写入到文件中,并更新下载进度。
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {

    NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:self.targetPath];
    [fileHandle seekToEndOfFile];
    [fileHandle writeData:data];
    [fileHandle closeFile];

    self.totalReceivedContentLength += data.length;
    if (self.progress) {
        self.progress(data.length, self.totalReceivedContentLength, self.checkpoint.totalExpectedLength);
    }
}

@end
  • DownloadRequest定义

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    typedef void(^DownloadProgressBlock)(int64_t bytesReceived, int64_t totalBytesReceived, int64_t totalBytesExpectToReceived);
    typedef void(^DownloadFailureBlock)(NSError *error);
    typedef void(^DownloadSuccessBlock)(NSDictionary *result);
    
    @interface Checkpoint : NSObject<NSCopying>
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *etag;     // 资源的ETag值。
    @property (nonatomic, assign) unsigned long long totalExpectedLength;    // 文件总大小。
    
    @end
    
    @interface DownloadRequest : NSObject
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *sourceURLString;      // 下载的URL。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *headURLString;        // 获取文件元数据的URL。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *downloadFilePath;     // 文件的本地存储地址。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadProgressBlock downloadProgress; // 下载进度。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadFailureBlock failure;   // 下载成功的回调。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) DownloadSuccessBlock success;   // 下载失败的回调。
    
    @property (nonatomic, copy) Checkpoint *checkpoint;         // 存储文件的ETag。
    
    @end
    
    
    @interface DownloadService : NSObject
    
    + (instancetype)downloadServiceWithRequest:(DownloadRequest *)request;
    
    /**
     * 启动下载。
     */
    - (void)resume;
    
    /**
     * 暂停下载。
     */
    - (void)pause;
    
    /**
     * 取消下载。
     */
    - (void)cancel;
    
    @end
  • 上层业务调用

    - (void)initDownloadURLs {
        OSSPlainTextAKSKPairCredentialProvider *pCredential = [[OSSPlainTextAKSKPairCredentialProvider alloc] initWithPlainTextAccessKey:OSS_ACCESSKEY_ID secretKey:OSS_SECRETKEY_ID];
        _mClient = [[OSSClient alloc] initWithEndpoint:OSS_ENDPOINT credentialProvider:pCredential];
    
        // 生成用于Get请求的带签名的URL。
        OSSTask *downloadURLTask = [_mClient presignConstrainURLWithBucketName:@"aliyun-dhc-shanghai" withObjectKey:OSS_DOWNLOAD_FILE_NAME withExpirationInterval:1800];
        [downloadURLTask waitUntilFinished];
        _downloadURLString = downloadURLTask.result;
    
        // 生成用于Head请求的带签名的URL。
        OSSTask *headURLTask = [_mClient presignConstrainURLWithBucketName:@"aliyun-dhc-shanghai" withObjectKey:OSS_DOWNLOAD_FILE_NAME httpMethod:@"HEAD" withExpirationInterval:1800 withParameters:nil];
        [headURLTask waitUntilFinished];
    
        _headURLString = headURLTask.result;
    }
    
    - (IBAction)resumeDownloadClicked:(id)sender {
        _downloadRequest = [DownloadRequest new];
        _downloadRequest.sourceURLString = _downloadURLString;       // 设置资源的URL。
        _downloadRequest.headURLString = _headURLString;
        NSString *documentPath = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES).firstObject;
        _downloadRequest.downloadFilePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:OSS_DOWNLOAD_FILE_NAME];   // 设置下载文件的本地保存路径。
    
        __weak typeof(self) wSelf = self;
        _downloadRequest.downloadProgress = ^(int64_t bytesReceived, int64_t totalBytesReceived, int64_t totalBytesExpectToReceived) {
            // totalBytesReceived表示当前客户端已缓存的字节数,totalBytesExpectToReceived表示待下载的总字节数。
            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                __strong typeof(self) sSelf = wSelf;
                CGFloat fProgress = totalBytesReceived * 1.f / totalBytesExpectToReceived;
                sSelf.progressLab.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2f%%", fProgress * 100];
                sSelf.progressBar.progress = fProgress;
            });
        };
        _downloadRequest.failure = ^(NSError *error) {
            __strong typeof(self) sSelf = wSelf;
            sSelf.checkpoint = error.userInfo[@"checkpoint"];
        };
        _downloadRequest.success = ^(NSDictionary *result) {
            NSLog(@"下载成功");
        };
        _downloadRequest.checkpoint = self.checkpoint;
    
        NSString *titleText = [[_downloadButton titleLabel] text];
        if ([titleText isEqualToString:@"download"]) {
            [_downloadButton setTitle:@"pause" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
            _downloadService = [DownloadService downloadServiceWithRequest:_downloadRequest];
            [_downloadService resume];
        } else {
            [_downloadButton setTitle:@"download" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
            [_downloadService pause];
        }
    }
    
    - (IBAction)cancelDownloadClicked:(id)sender {
        [_downloadButton setTitle:@"download" forState: UIControlStateNormal];
        [_downloadService cancel];
    }
说明

暂停或取消下载时均能从failure回调中获取checkpoint。重启下载时,可以将checkpoint传到DownloadRequest,然后 DownloadService将使用checkpoint执行一致性校验。

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